Maps and photos
Every map in this course is drawn from real data: Natural Earth (public domain) for coastlines, provinces, lakes and rivers, and government figures for the charts, in an Atlas of Canada style. Every landscape and place is a real photograph from Wikimedia Commons, used under the licence shown. Nothing in the maps or landscapes is AI-generated. The presenter, Nora Beaulieu, is AI-generated, with a synthetic voice.
Keep exploring: the Atlas of Canada (Natural Resources Canada), Statistics Canada, and Canadian Climate Normals.
| Lecture | Slide | File / title | What it shows | Source and licence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lecture 1 | 1 | Newer Lighthouse at Cape Spear June 10, 2026.jpg | Cape Spear, Newfoundland: the lighthouse and headland at first light, Atlantic beyond | GregMcCollum · CC0 |
| Lecture 1 | 2 | Point Pelee and the tip of Pelee Island -a.jpg | Point Pelee National Park, Ontario: the sandy tip of the point reaching into Lake Erie | Aaron Headly from Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 1 | 3 | Canada: land and fresh water | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 1 | 4 | Canada among the giants | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 1 | 5 | The four extreme points, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 1 | 6 | Mountain and footprints.JPG | Mount Logan, St. Elias Mountains, Yukon: the massif and icefields, aerial or from the Icef | The original uploader was Isteffen at English Wikipedia. · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 1 | 7 | Deline, NT (3917487033).jpg | Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories: open water and rocky shore, wide view | Shawn from Airdrie, Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 1 | 8 | Coastline St John Newfoundland (26493074897).jpg | Rugged Newfoundland Atlantic coastline with coves and headlands, wide view | Michel Rathwell from Cornwall, Canada · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 2 | 1 | Centennial Flame, Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Ontario (29442162963).jpg | Parliament Hill, Ottawa: Centre Block and the Peace Tower in winter, snow on the lawn | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 2 | 2 | Ten provinces, three territories, by area | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 2 | 3 | Confederation Chamber within Province House PEI.jpg | Province House, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island: the sandstone legislature, front view | Ken Heaton · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 2 | 4 | Provinces, territories and their capitals | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 2 | 5 | Interior Legislative Assembly of Nunavut.JPG | Legislative Assembly of Nunavut building, Iqaluit, exterior | No machine-readable author provided. CambridgeBayWeather assumed (based on copyright claims). · Public domain |
| Lecture 2 | 6 | British Columbia Parliament Buildings - Pano - HDR.jpg | British Columbia Parliament Buildings, Victoria, front view across the lawn | Ryan Bushby (HighInBC) · CC BY 2.5 |
| Lecture 2 | 7 | Blank political map, lettered A to M | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 2 | 8 | Manitoba Legislature December 2023.jpg | Manitoba Legislative Building, Winnipeg, with the Golden Boy, front view | Reid Campbell · CC0 |
| Lecture 2 | theme | Centre Block, Ottawa, Southeast view 20170422 1.jpg | Lecture theme photo | DXR · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 3 | 1 | Lloydminster City Hall.jpg | Lloydminster: the tall red border marker pylons on 50th Avenue marking the Alberta-Saskatc | Jason Whiting · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 3 | 2 | Typical St. John's view and The Narrows and several levels of road before hitting the sea (27595189995).jpg | St. John's harbour and the Narrows from Signal Hill, Newfoundland, wide view | shankar s. from Dubai, united arab emirates · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 3 | 3 | Who still changes the clocks, 2026 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 3 | 4 | Longitude and the six standard time zones | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 3 | 5 | Population density and the 100 km border band | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 3 | 6 | Toronto Skyline from Olympic Island, June 20 2026 (5-3 cropped).jpg | Toronto skyline at dusk from across the water at Humber Bay, city lights coming on | Dillan Payne · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 3 | 7 | Saskatchewan Highway SK-11 in Chamberlain, SK facing south.jpg | A Saskatchewan prairie grain road at dawn, flat horizon, grain elevator in the distance | SSPWXR · CC0 |
| Lecture 3 | 8 | Red River of the North, The Forks, Winnipeg, Manitoba (29035288777).jpg | Winnipeg from The Forks, where the Red and Assiniboine rivers meet, with the downtown behi | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 4 | 1 | The White Crests of Killarney.jpg | Killarney Provincial Park, Ontario: white quartzite ridge of the La Cloche Mountains above | Mac Armstrong from Waterloo, Ontario, Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 4 | 2 | The seven physiographic regions | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 4 | 3 | Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) - Saskatoon.jpg | Saskatchewan wheat plain near Rosetown: flat fields to the horizon under a big sky | Ryan Hodnett · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 4 | 4 | Bedrock age | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 4 | 5 | Seven regions, seven colours | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 4 | 6 | Lion's Head July 2016.jpg | Niagara Escarpment cliffs at Lion's Head, Bruce Peninsula, Ontario, with Georgian Bay | HZep22 · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 4 | 7 | Seven regions, lettered A to G | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 4 | 8 | Axel Heiberg Island 06.jpg | Ellesmere Island or Axel Heiberg Island, Nunavut: folded Innuitian mountains with glaciers | Matti&Keti; Lorenz.King@geogr.uni-giessen.de · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 4 | 9 | 20150708 - 86 - Unorganized Thunder Bay District, Ont. - Rock walls along Highway 17 - "Deep Cut".jpg | A highway road cut through bare Canadian Shield granite and gneiss in northern Ontario | Andre Carrotflower · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 5 | 1 | Lago Kluane, Destruction Bay, Yukón, Canadá, 2017-08-25, DD 45-53 PAN.jpg | Kluane Lake, Yukon, from the Alaska Highway, with the snow peaks of the St. Elias Mountain | Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 5 | 2 | Mount Chitina, Logan Glacier and Plane (20992255013).jpg | Mount Logan and the Icefield Ranges, Kluane National Park, aerial view of the massif and g | AlaskaNPS · Public domain |
| Lecture 5 | 3 | The three belts of the Western Cordillera | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 5 | 4 | The highest point in every province and territory | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 5 | 5 | Mount Robson: reading contour lines | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 5 | 6 | Ellis Fire Tower - Ishpatina Ridge.jpg | Ishpatina Ridge area, Temagami, Ontario: low forested Shield hills and lakes, wide view | Brightguy88 · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 5 | 7 | Berg lake trail, Mount Robson Provincial Park, British Columbia.jpg | Mount Robson from the Berg Lake trail, British Columbia, the peak above the lake | Joli Rumi · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 5 | 8 | Nunatsiavut Banner.jpg | Torngat Mountains at Saglek Fjord, Labrador: bare ancient rock rising from the fjord | Paul Gierszewski · Public domain |
| Lecture 6 | 1 | M V SAUNIERE (19771923864).jpg | Welland Canal, Ontario: a lake freighter inside a lock, seen from the lock wall or viewing | Gary Todd from Xinzheng, China · CC0 |
| Lecture 6 | 2 | Panorama on the Cup and Saucer Trail (3882208945).jpg | Manitoulin Island, Ontario: limestone cliffs of the Cup and Saucer trail above forest and | elPadawan · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 6 | 3 | Pukaskwa NP- WV Pagebanner.jpg | Lake Superior shoreline at Pukaskwa National Park, Ontario: rock, boreal forest and open w | Andre Carrotflower · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 6 | 4 | The Great Lakes and the international boundary, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 6 | 5 | Niagara Falls from the Canadian side.jpg | Horseshoe Falls, Niagara Falls, Ontario, from the Canadian side, wide view of the crest an | EddaBeck · CC0 |
| Lecture 6 | 6 | The Great Lakes in profile | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 6 | 7 | The St. Lawrence Seaway, Duluth to the Atlantic | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 6 | 8 | The Niagara River, Erie to Ontario | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 6 | 9 | Deline, NT (3917487033).jpg | Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories: shoreline near Déline with open water to the horiz | Shawn from Airdrie, Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 6 | 10 | Thousand Islands (35167688376).jpg | Thousand Islands, St. Lawrence River, Ontario: granite islands with pines, wide view | David Zhang from Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 7 | 1 | Deh Cho Bridge from Fort Providence side 003.jpg | Deh Cho Bridge over the Mackenzie River at Fort Providence, Northwest Territories, river a | CambridgeBayWeather · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 7 | 2 | Canada's five ocean drainage basins | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 7 | 3 | Mackenzie River Delta 432 pan crop 15 (26906335330).jpg | Mackenzie River delta and Beaufort Sea from orbit, NASA satellite image, public domain | Pierre Markuse from Hamm, Germany · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 7 | 4 | Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake and the Mackenzie | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 7 | 5 | Drainage basins: the divide north of Calgary and Edmonton | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 7 | 6 | Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Alberta.jpg | Milk River winding through the hoodoos and badlands at Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, A | Bob rulz · Public domain |
| Lecture 7 | 7 | Quiz map: the five drainage basins, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 7 | 8 | Bush Pilots Monument panorama cropped.jpg | Great Slave Lake shore at Yellowknife Old Town, houseboats and rock, Northwest Territories | CambridgeBayWeather · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 7 | theme | Deh Cho Bridge over Mackenzie River near Fort Providence (42878461514).jpg | Lecture theme photo | sf-dvs · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 8 | 1 | 118 - Low Tide in the Bay of Fundy.JPG | Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick, at low tide, flowerpot rocks with trees on top and exposed | Share Bear (dmahalin@gmail.com) · Public domain |
| Lecture 8 | 2 | Three coasts and Hudson Bay | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 8 | 3 | Quiz map: the largest islands, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 8 | 4 | Churchill Wildlife Management Area panorama.JPG | Shore of Hudson Bay at Churchill, Manitoba, with sea ice or open grey water and rocky coas | anonymous donor · Public domain |
| Lecture 8 | 5 | Canada with latitude and longitude every ten degrees | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 8 | 6 | The Bay of Fundy | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 8 | 7 | Winter At Hopewell Rocks (33021143965).jpg | Hopewell Rocks at high tide, the same flowerpot rocks with water at their base, Bay of Fun | James Mann from Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 8 | 8 | Long Beach, Tofino B.C.jpg | Long Beach, Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, Vancouver Island, surf and sand, landscape | Reclaimerr · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 8 | theme | Hopewell Rocks Nouveau-Brunswick banner.jpg | Lecture theme photo | File:Winter at Hopewell Cape Rocks (32441835530).jpg : James Mann derivative work : Barbe-sauvage · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 9 | 1 | Fraser joins Thompson River at Lytton.JPG | Confluence of the Thompson and Fraser rivers at Lytton, British Columbia, dry hills, two r | The Interior · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 9 | 2 | The climate-normals stations | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 9 | 3 | Climate graph: Winnipeg | Chart: Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020, station page read 13 Sept 2026 (scratchpad normals_1991_2020.json / norm_<id>.html) | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 9 | 4 | Climate graph: Vancouver | Chart: Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020, station page read 13 Sept 2026 (scratchpad normals_1991_2020.json / norm_<id>.html) | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 9 | 5 | Tofino Pacific Rim National Park Reserve 01.jpg | Rain-soaked temperate rainforest with mossy Sitka spruce and cedar near Tofino, Pacific Ri | Buiobuione · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 9 | 6 | Vines over Okanagan lake - panoramio.jpg | Orchards and vineyards above Okanagan Lake at Naramata, British Columbia, dry hills behind | Jack Borno · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 9 | 7 | Climate graph: Regina | Chart: Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020, station page read 13 Sept 2026 (scratchpad normals_1991_2020.json / norm_<id>.html) | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 9 | 8 | Climate graph: Lytton (temperature only) | Chart: Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020, station page read 13 Sept 2026 (scratchpad normals_1991_2020.json / norm_<id>.html) | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 10 | 1 | Autopista Alaska sobre el río Blanco, Beaver Creek, Yukón, Canadá, 2017-08-25, DD 18-24 PAN.jpg | Alaska Highway near Beaver Creek, Yukon, straight road through spruce, snow-covered mounta | Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 10 | 2 | Record stations | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 10 | 3 | Permafrost in Canada | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 10 | 4 | Sea Ice Patterns (5977178606).jpg | Beaufort Sea ice edge from orbit or aircraft, broken sea ice and open water, NASA public d | NASA/Kathryn Hansen · Public domain |
| Lecture 10 | 5 | Quiz map: permafrost zones, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 10 | 6 | The Tibbitt to Contwoyto winter road | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 10 | 7 | Permafrost in Herschel Island 001.jpg | Thaw slump in permafrost on the Peel Plateau, Northwest Territories, exposed mud and colla | Boris Radosavljevic · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 10 | 8 | Escuela de artes visuales, Dawson City, Yukón, Canadá, 2017-08-27, DD 26.jpg | Dawson City, Yukon, old wooden buildings tilted and heaved by thawing permafrost, street v | Diego Delso · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 11 | 1 | Bridge at the Red River Floodway.jpg | Red River Floodway inlet control structure near St. Norbert, south of Winnipeg, Manitoba, | Tblore (talk) (Uploads) · Public domain |
| Lecture 11 | 2 | Area burned in 2023 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 11 | 3 | Winnipeg, the Red River and the Floodway | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 11 | 4 | BC Highway 5 Coquihalla Snowshed.jpg | Washed-out section of the Coquihalla Highway, British Columbia, November 2021, collapsed r | Dimbeko · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 11 | 5 | Quiz map: seismic hazard, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 11 | 6 | Cascadia and the Haida Gwaii fault | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 11 | 7 | Red River of the North, The Forks, Winnipeg, Manitoba (29035288777).jpg | The Forks, Winnipeg, Manitoba, where the Assiniboine meets the Red River, high spring wate | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 11 | 8 | Channel Head Lighthouse (Port aux Basques, NL).jpg | Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Labrador, harbour and rocky south coast, calm day, no s | Quintin Soloviev · CC BY 4.0 |
| Lecture 12 | 1 | Toronto Skyline Panorama from Ward's Island, June 20 2026 (01).jpg | Toronto skyline from the Toronto Islands across the inner harbour, CN Tower and downtown t | Dillan Payne · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 12 | 2 | Population density by census division, 2021 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 12 | 3 | The Quebec City to Windsor corridor | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 12 | 4 | Quiz map: the ten largest metropolitan areas, proportional circles, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 12 | 5 | Neepawa Water Tower.jpg | Main street of Neepawa, Manitoba, a small Prairie town, brick storefronts and a wide quiet | Krazytea · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 12 | 6 | Urban living Calgary Alberta. (38816447984).jpg | Calgary skyline with the Bow River in the foreground, daytime | Bernard Spragg. NZ from Christchurch, New Zealand · CC0 |
| Lecture 12 | 7 | Mount Baker from Cypress Outlook (53051147361).jpg | Vancouver and the Burrard Inlet seen from the Cypress Mountain lookout, dense downtown tow | David Zhang from Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 12 | 8 | Montreal Panorama.jpg | Montréal skyline and the St. Lawrence River from the Mount Royal lookout, daytime | Robbie Sproule from Montreal, Canada · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 13 | 1 | Infomornpier21.jpg | Pier 21, Halifax: the Canadian Museum of Immigration building and the harbourside pier, wi | Letterofmarque · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 13 | 2 | Where recent immigrants were born, 2016 to 2021 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 13 | 3 | Where recent immigrants settled, 2021: the big three, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 13 | 4 | Only Two Colours.jpg | Gerrard India Bazaar, Toronto: a row of storefronts on Gerrard Street East, no identifiabl | Ian Muttoo · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 13 | 5 | French mother tongue by census division, 2021 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 13 | 6 | Chinatown gate, Vancouver, BC (23748937149).jpg | Millennium Gate, Vancouver Chinatown, Pender Street, wide view | Suman Chakrabarti · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 13 | 7 | Autumninmoncton.JPG | Moncton, New Brunswick: a bilingual street sign or bilingual storefront on Main Street, no | Stu pendousmat (talk) · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 13 | 8 | Saint Boniface Cathedral, Winnipeg, Manitoba (30104709738).jpg | Saint-Boniface Cathedral façade, Winnipeg, Manitoba, front view | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 13 | 9 | 1011 boulevard Saint-Laurent - 01.jpg | Boulevard Saint-Laurent, Montréal, the street and its storefronts, wide view | Jeangagnon · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 14 | 1 | Iqaluit office building.jpg | Legislative Assembly of Nunavut, Iqaluit: the building exterior in summer, wide view | OhanaUnitedTalk page · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 14 | 2 | Indigenous share of population, the three territories, 2021 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 14 | 3 | Inuit Nunangat: four regions, lettered, with two population pyramids | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 14 | 4 | Historic treaties and the eleven Numbered Treaties | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 14 | 5 | Nain, Labrador.jpg | Nain, Nunatsiavut, Labrador: the harbour and townsite from the water, wide view | https://www.flickr.com/photos/us_mission_canada/ · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 14 | 6 | Looking across Koojesse Inlet 1.jpg | Iqaluit, Nunavut, seen from Frobisher Bay or Apex: the town on the tundra shore, wide view | OhanaUnited · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 14 | 7 | Mackenzie Delta, Pingo, Tuktoyaktuk (2).jpg | Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories: the shoreline and townsite on the Beaufort Sea, wide v | Matti&Keti · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 14 | 8 | Kuujjuaq Airport front.jpg | Kuujjuaq, Nunavik, Quebec: the townsite and the Koksoak River, wide view | Samuell · CC BY 4.0 |
| Lecture 14 | theme | Aerial view of Iqaluit, Nunavut (Quintin Soloviev).jpg | Lecture theme photo | Quintin Soloviev · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 15 | 1 | Churchill Falls Generating Station.jpg | Churchill Falls, Labrador: the spillway, the gorge and the townsite, wide view | Quintin Soloviev · CC BY 4.0 |
| Lecture 15 | 2 | Where Canada's energy exports go, 2023 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 15 | 3 | Conoco Phillips (24656474184).jpg | Athabasca oil sands mines north of Fort McMurray, Alberta, seen from orbit (NASA Earth Obs | jasonwoodhead23 · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 15 | 4 | Generating stations by type and size | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 15 | 5 | Four energy places, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 15 | 6 | Coteau Creek GS.JPG | Gardiner Dam and Lake Diefenbaker, Saskatchewan, wide view of the dam and reservoir | Wtshymanski · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 15 | 7 | Nuclear Plant (36952170124).jpg | Bruce Nuclear Generating Station, Ontario, seen from Lake Huron or the shore, wide view | Kevin M Klerks from Inverhuron, Canada · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 15 | 8 | Wind turbine looking up Wolfe Island, Ontario, Canada.jpg | Wolfe Island, Ontario: turbines standing over farm fields near Kingston, wide view | Richard Kohar · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 15 | theme | Churchill Falls, Labrador.jpg | Lecture theme photo | Quintin Soloviev · CC BY 4.0 |
| Lecture 16 | 1 | Rocanville Nutrien Mine.jpg | Potash mine headframe and mill buildings near Rocanville or Esterhazy, Saskatchewan, wide | Yakky97 · CC BY 4.0 |
| Lecture 16 | 2 | Principal mining areas | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 16 | 3 | Sudbury sunset.JPG | Sudbury, Ontario: the skyline with the Superstack and smelter complex, wide view | P199 · CC BY 2.5 |
| Lecture 16 | 4 | Share of Canada's GDP by province and territory, 2024 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 16 | 5 | Lighthouse DGJ 5001 - Port Medway (large is good) (4388772166).jpg | Lobster boats at the wharf in Lunenburg or Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia, wide view | Dennis G. Jarvis · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 16 | 6 | Where the exports went, 2025, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 16 | 7 | Windsor, Ontario (21150048084).jpg | An Ontario vehicle assembly plant exterior, Windsor or Oakville, wide view with no readabl | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 16 | 8 | Rapeseed windbreak RM of Enniskillen Sk.jpg | Canola in full yellow bloom on the plain near Regina, Saskatchewan, wide view with a grain | Masterhatch · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 16 | 9 | Fruit Stands and Orchards (44537995312).jpg | Okanagan orchards at Naramata, British Columbia, fruit trees above Okanagan Lake, wide vie | GoToVan from Vancouver, Canada · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 16 | theme | Salzdetfurth potash mine.JPG | Lecture theme photo | Markscheider · CC BY 4.0 |
| Lecture 17 | 1 | 2013 Lunenburg panorama.jpg | Lunenburg, Nova Scotia: the waterfront and fishing wharves with boats, wide view | Ryan Tanner · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 17 | 2 | Atlantic Canada, four provinces lettered, with their capitals | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 17 | 3 | Winter at Hopewell Cape Rocks (32441835530).jpg | Hopewell Rocks, New Brunswick: the flowerpot rocks at low tide with the ocean floor expose | James Mann from Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada · CC BY 2.0 |
| Lecture 17 | 4 | Head of the Bay of Fundy, 1:250,000 topographic sheet | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 17 | 5 | Sea-fishery landings by province, 2024 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 17 | 6 | Red Cliffs and Cavendish Beach (3639711701).jpg | Cavendish, Prince Edward Island: low red sandstone cliffs, beach and flat farmland, wide v | CP Hoffman from Washington, DC, United States · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 17 | 7 | Peggy's Cove Lighthouse 3784.jpg | Peggy's Cove lighthouse on the granite shore, Nova Scotia, wide view | Dionysos1970 · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 17 | 8 | Island Colours 1 (5288236244).jpg | Confederation Bridge seen from the Prince Edward Island shore at Borden-Carleton, wide vie | Carl Campbell from Querétaro, Mexico · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 17 | theme | Lunenburg waterfront, panorama (7161756495).jpg | Lecture theme photo | Nicole Bratt from Seattle, WA, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 18 | 1 | Getting to Perce Rock.jpg | Percé Rock, Gaspé, Quebec: the rock with its arch off the beach at low tide, wide view | GaspeGal · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 18 | 2 | Montréal April 2024 (13).jpg | Montréal skyline and the St. Lawrence seen from the Jacques-Cartier Bridge, wide view | Raskuly · CC BY 4.0 |
| Lecture 18 | 3 | Quebec: four rivers, lettered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 18 | 4 | Quebec's hydro: generating stations and main transmission lines | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 18 | 5 | Fleuve Saint-Laurent at Québec: an official topographic sheet | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 18 | 6 | "Isolda" passing Quebec. (51245501179).jpg | Old Québec and the Château Frontenac seen across the St. Lawrence from Lévis, wide view | William Davies · CC0 |
| Lecture 18 | 7 | Parc national de la Jacques-Cartier, Quebec, Canada 10.jpg | Mont Jacques-Cartier plateau, Gaspésie National Park, Quebec: the bare summit plateau of t | Wilfredor · CC0 |
| Lecture 18 | 8 | Kangiqsujuaq.jpg | Kuujjuaq or Kangiqsujuaq, Nunavik, Quebec: the community and surrounding tundra, wide view | Lkovac · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 18 | theme | Percé panorama.jpg | Lecture theme photo | Amateria1121 · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 19 | 1 | I can see for miles and miles.jpg | Rattlesnake Point Conservation Area, Milton, Ontario: dolostone cliffs of the Niagara Esca | Ian Muttoo from Mississauga, Canada · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 19 | 2 | Ontario: three landform regions | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 19 | 3 | Ontario's Shield mines | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 19 | 4 | Moosonee downtown aerial.jpg | Moosonee or Moose Factory shoreline on the Moose River near James Bay, Ontario: flat lowla | 40rev · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 19 | 5 | Rattlesnake Point, Milton, and the head of Lake Ontario | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 19 | 6 | How an NTS sheet is numbered | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 19 | 7 | 1000 Islands Tower view July 2015 panorama 5.jpg | Thousand Islands on the St. Lawrence River near Kingston, Ontario: low granite islands of | King of Hearts · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 19 | 8 | Ottawa skyline panorama.jpg | Parliament Hill, Ottawa, from Nepean Point across the Ottawa River: Centre Block and the P | Óðinn · CC BY-SA 2.5 ca |
| Lecture 20 | 1 | Wheat harvest in Richmond Township.jpg | Wheat harvest on the Saskatchewan plain near Davidson: a combine at dusk on flat farmland | Nyttend · Public domain |
| Lecture 20 | 2 | The Prairies: three steps | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 20 | 3 | Downtown Winnipeg skyline as seen from The Forks market tower in winter.JPG | Winnipeg, Manitoba, in deep winter: the Forks or the Legislative Building grounds under sn | Ccyyrree · CC0 |
| Lecture 20 | 4 | The prairie grid: townships and sections | Chart: Dominion Land Survey system, Natural Resources Canada | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 20 | 5 | Canola field.jpg | Canola in bloom beside a grain elevator on the Saskatchewan prairie | Nas2 · CC0 |
| Lecture 20 | 6 | Davidson, Saskatchewan, and the grid country around it | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 20 | 7 | Bison bison bison GNP 01.jpg | Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan: rolling mixed-grass prairie with bison or the Fren | Cephas · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 20 | 8 | ConglomerateCliffCypressHill.jpg | Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park: lodgepole pine ridge above the plains, Saskatchewan-Al | Vonsulnasaga · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 21 | 1 | HELL'S GATE CABLE CAR, BRITISH COLUMBIA.jpg | Hells Gate, Fraser Canyon, British Columbia: the airtram over the gorge and the railway li | JERRYE AND ROY KLOTZ MD · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 21 | 2 | British Columbia: three mountain belts | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 21 | 3 | Berg lake trail, Mount Robson Provincial Park, British Columbia.jpg | Mount Robson from the Berg Lake trail, British Columbia: the highest peak of the Canadian | Joli Rumi · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 21 | 4 | Canada's Hot Spot (55643224).jpg | Lytton, British Columbia: the dry benchland at the Fraser-Thompson confluence with sagebru | Dennis Sylvester Hurd from Minuwangoda, WP, Sri Lanka, Canada · CC0 |
| Lecture 21 | 5 | Seismic hazard and the Cascadia zone | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 21 | 6 | Cross-section at fifty degrees north | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 21 | 7 | Long Beach Panorama - Pacific Rim National Park - Vancouver Island BC - Canada - 02.jpg | Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, Vancouver Island: Long Beach with Sitka spruce rainfore | Adam Jones, Ph.D. · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 21 | 8 | View from lower Eagle Bluffs.jpg | Vancouver harbour with the North Shore mountains behind: the Coast Mountains meeting the P | Andrew Kvalheim · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 21 | theme | Old Hells Gate Tunnel; panaramic shot.JPG | Lecture theme photo | Badbikerbenny · Public domain |
| Lecture 22 | 1 | Dempsterhighway.jpg | The Dempster Highway crossing the Richardson Mountains, Yukon and Northwest Territories: g | PierreWiki at English Wikipedia · Public domain |
| Lecture 22 | 2 | The three territories | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 22 | 3 | Iqlauit waterfront.JPG | Iqaluit, Nunavut, from Apex or the bay: the town on Frobisher Bay with the Legislative Ass | Sebastian Kasten · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 22 | 4 | Permafrost zones | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 22 | 5 | One North, three projections | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 22 | 6 | Ward Hunt Island, Ice Shelf 08.jpg | Ellesmere Island, Nunavut: fjord and ice cap landscape at Quttinirpaaq National Park | Matti&Keti Lorenz.King@geogr.uni-giessen.de · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 22 | 7 | Bush Pilots Monument panorama cropped.jpg | Yellowknife Old Town on Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories: houseboats and rock outcr | CambridgeBayWeather · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 22 | 8 | Mountain and footprints.JPG | Mount Logan and the Icefield Ranges, Kluane National Park, Yukon: ice fields and the summi | The original uploader was Isteffen at English Wikipedia. · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 23 | 1 | Spring arrives at Peace Arch USA-Canada Border Crossing - panoramio.jpg | The Peace Arch on the Canada-United States boundary at Surrey and Blaine: white arch on a | Larry LaRose · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 23 | 2 | The Canada-United States boundary | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 23 | 3 | Tartupaluk (Hans Island) in Nares Strait, shared since 2022 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 23 | 4 | Bylot Island from sea ice.jpg | Lancaster Sound, Nunavut: sea ice and open water at the eastern entrance to the Northwest | Paul Gierszewski · CC BY-SA 3.0 |
| Lecture 23 | 5 | Canada's edges: land, sea and ice | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 23 | 6 | Resolute Bay 1 1997-08-02.jpg | Resolute, Cornwallis Island, Nunavut: hamlet shoreline with sea ice, an Arctic community o | Ansgar Walk · CC BY-SA 2.5 |
| Lecture 23 | 7 | CCGS John A. MacDonald.jpg | A Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker in Arctic sea ice in the Northwest Passage, Nunavut | Unknown photographer · Public domain |
| Lecture 23 | 8 | Restful View (35074036534).jpg | Cape Breton Highlands coast, Nova Scotia: rocky Atlantic shoreline and headlands from the | Dennis G. Jarvis · CC BY-SA 2.0 |
| Lecture 23 | 9 | Protected and conserved areas, end of 2025 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 24 | 1 | ManitobaHwy1Cberry.JPG | The Longitudinal Centre of Canada sign on the Trans-Canada Highway east of Winnipeg, Manit | JPark99 · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 24 | 2 | Canada: the reference map | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 24 | 3 | Day 4 - Halifax, Nova Scotia (48746022388).jpg | Halifax waterfront, Nova Scotia: the boardwalk and harbour with new downtown towers | Dennis Sylvester Hurd · CC0 |
| Lecture 24 | 4 | Where Canada's goods went, 2024 to 2026 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 24 | 5 | Canada's population pyramid, 2021 | Map drawn from Natural Earth data (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection | Natural Earth: public domain |
| Lecture 24 | 6 | Newer Lighthouse at Cape Spear June 10, 2026.jpg | Cape Spear, Newfoundland and Labrador, at sunrise: the lighthouse and the Atlantic, Canada | GregMcCollum · CC0 |
| Lecture 24 | 7 | Lake Erie at the Tip of Point Pelee.jpg | Point Pelee National Park, Ontario: the sandy tip of the point reaching into Lake Erie | Jason Zhang · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 24 | 8 | Sunset on Long Beach.jpg | Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, British Columbia: Long Beach at sunset, the Pacific coa | Sapphire51 · CC BY-SA 4.0 |
| Lecture 24 | 9 | Blue hour in Frobisher Bay - Flickr - subarcticmike.jpg | Iqaluit, Nunavut, from the shore of Frobisher Bay: the town and the Arctic coast | Mike Beauregard from Thunder Bay, Canada · CC BY 2.0 |
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Free, independent course. Not an official resource of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada or of any Ministry of Education. Facts are from Statistics Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada and other government sources, as dated in each lecture; figures change, so check the source for the latest. Maps are drawn from Natural Earth (public domain); photographs are from Wikimedia Commons under open licences, credited on the maps and photos page. Nora Beaulieu is an AI-generated presenter with a synthetic voice. Course content © 2026.